CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Lipocalin 2 as a clinical significance in rheumatoid arthritis
Submission date: 2016-03-17
Final revision date: 2016-05-30
Acceptance date: 2016-06-08
Publication date: 2017-10-30
Cent Eur J Immunol 2017;42(3):269-273
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Aim of the study: In this study, serum lipokalin 2 (LCN-2) levels and its clinical and radiological significance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was evaluated.
Material and methods: The study enrolled 37 patients with RA and 34 healthy controls. Serum LCN-2 level was measured using ELISA method. Patients with DAS 28 scores ≤ 3.2, and > 3.2 were allocated into lower and high/moderate disease activity groups, respectively. Additionally patients were divided into 2 groups as early RA (disease duration ≤ 2 years) and established RA (duration of the disease ≥ 2 years). Functional disability was evaluated using Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Radiographs were scored using the modified Larsen score.
Results: Serum LCN-2 (p = 0.029) levels were significantly higher in patients with RA than in the controls. Serum LCN-2 level did not correlate with laboratory and clinical parameters of disease activity like erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), DAS 28, Health Assessment Questionnaire Score (HAQ) and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Similarly, any correlation could not be found between structural joint damage and serum LCN2 levels.
Conclusions: These results indicate that serum LCN-2 levels may be used as an indicator for structural damage like erosions in the early stage of the disease but do not able to be used to monitor disease activity.
Material and methods: The study enrolled 37 patients with RA and 34 healthy controls. Serum LCN-2 level was measured using ELISA method. Patients with DAS 28 scores ≤ 3.2, and > 3.2 were allocated into lower and high/moderate disease activity groups, respectively. Additionally patients were divided into 2 groups as early RA (disease duration ≤ 2 years) and established RA (duration of the disease ≥ 2 years). Functional disability was evaluated using Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Radiographs were scored using the modified Larsen score.
Results: Serum LCN-2 (p = 0.029) levels were significantly higher in patients with RA than in the controls. Serum LCN-2 level did not correlate with laboratory and clinical parameters of disease activity like erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), DAS 28, Health Assessment Questionnaire Score (HAQ) and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Similarly, any correlation could not be found between structural joint damage and serum LCN2 levels.
Conclusions: These results indicate that serum LCN-2 levels may be used as an indicator for structural damage like erosions in the early stage of the disease but do not able to be used to monitor disease activity.
REFERENCES (19)
1.
Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Koeller M, et al. (2007): New therapies for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 370: 1861-1874.
2.
Wang Y, Lam KS, Kraegen EW, et al. (2007): Lipocalin-2 is an inflammatory marker closely associated with obesity, insulin resistance, an hyperglycemia in humans. Clin Chem 53: 34-41.
3.
Kjeldsen L, Johnsen AH, Sengelov H, et al. (1993): Isolation and primary structure of NGAK, a novel protein associated with human neutrophil gelatinase. J Biol Chem 268: 1425-1432.
4.
Kjeldsen L, Cowland JB, Borregaard N (2000): Human neutrophil gelatinase- associated lipocalin and homologous proteins in rat and mouse. Biochim Biophys Acta 1482: 272-283.
5.
Friedl A, Stoesz SP, Buckley P, et al. (1999): Neutrophil gelatinase- associated lipocalin in normal and neoplastic human tissues. Cell type-specific pattern of expression. Histochem J 31: 433-441.
6.
Devireddy LR, Teodoro JG, Richard FA, et al. (2001): Induction of apoptosis by a secreted lipocalin that is transcriptionally regulated by IL-3 deprivation. Science 293: 829-834.
7.
Zhang J, Wu Y, Zhang Y, et al. (2008): The role of lipocalin 2 in the regulation of inflammation in adipocytes and macrophages. Mol Endocrinol 22: 1416-1426.
8.
Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, et al. (1988): American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 31: 315-324.
9.
Prevoo MLL, van’t Hof MA, Kuper HH, et al. (1995): Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts. Development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 38: 44-8.
10.
Fransen J, Stucki G, van Riel PL (2003): Rheumatoid arthritis measures: Disease Activity Score (DAS), Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28), Rapid Assessment of Disease Activity in Rheumatology (RADAR), and Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index (RADAI). Arthritis Rheum 49: 214-24.
11.
Kucukdeveci AA, Sahin H, Ataman S, et al. (2004): Issues in cross-cultural validity: example from the adaptation reliability and validity testing of a Turkish version of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Arthritis Care Res 51: 14-19.
12.
Andresen EM, Meyers AR (2000): Health-related quality of life outcomes measures. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 81: 30-45.
13.
Aydin S (2015): A short history, principles, and types of ELISA, and our laboratory experience with peptide/protein analyses using ELISA. Peptides 72: 4-15.
14.
Larsen A (1995): How to apply Larsen score in evaluating radiographs of rheumatoid arthritis in long-term studies. J Rheumatol 22: 1974-1975.
15.
Katano M, Okamoto K, Arito M, et al. (2009): Implication of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induced neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis revealed by proteome analysis Arthritis Res Ther 11: R3.
16.
McInnes IB, Schett G (2007): Cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Immunol 7: 429-442.
17.
Cowland JB, Borregaard N (1997): Molecular characterization and pattern of tissue expression of the gene for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin from humans. Genomics 1997; 45: 17-23.
18.
Kjeldsen L, Bainton DF, Sengelov H, et al. (1994): Identification of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a novel matrix protein of specific granules in human neutrophils. Blood 83:799-807.
19.
Li YN, Hu FL, Dai YJ, et al. (2014): Serum anti-lipocalin 2 IgG is a novel biomarker in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 23: 868-875.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 1644-4124 |
| ISSN: | 1426-3912 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
