CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
Evaluation of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers in prostate cancer patients undergoing curative radiotherapy
Submission date: 2016-01-15
Final revision date: 2016-03-25
Acceptance date: 2016-04-20
Publication date: 2017-05-08
Cent Eur J Immunol 2017;42(1):68-72
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men. The present study was carried out to investigate the radiation response of serum cytokines and oxidative markers to find out if these novel biomarkers have significant applications regarding radiation outcome in prostate cancer patients. Significant elevations of prostatic specific antigen (PSA), asymmetric dimethyl arginine (ADMA) and nitric oxide (NO) were recorded in cancer prostate patients at the time of diagnosis compared to controls. Patients were subjected to radiotherapy post prostatectomy with a total dose of 66 Gy in 33 fractions (5 sessions/week) for 7 weeks. At the end of the seventh week post radiotherapy, ADMA levels were accentuated while the levels of PSA and NO were lower than before therapy. The level of inflammatory cytokines (interleukins IL-4, IL-5 and interferon-gamma) in post radiation therapy patients were significantly elevated compared to both controls and prostate cancer patients. A significant inverse correlation was observed in prostate cancer patients between ADMA and NO. Moreover, a significant inverse correlation in post radiation therapy patients was observed between IL-5 and PSA. These results are highly suggestive that there is a specific cytokine response in patients undergoing curative radiotherapy for prostate cancer.
REFERENCES (30)
1.
Garcia-Hernandez M, Gray A, Hubly B, et al. (2008): Prostate Stem cell antigen vaccination induces a long term protective immune response against prostate cancer in the absence of autoimmunity. Cancer Res 68: 861-869.
2.
Marzo A, Platz EA, Sutcliffe S, et al. (2007): Inflammation in Prostate Carcinogenesis. Nature Rev Cancer 7: 256-269.
3.
Goldstein R, Hanley C, Morris J, et al. (2011): Clinical investigation of the role of interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 in the evoluation of prostate cancer. Cancers (Basel) 3: 4281-4293.
4.
Nicol AM, Warde P, Bristow RG (2005): Optimal treatment of intermediate-risk prostate carcinoma with radiotherapy. Cancer 104: 891-905.
5.
Park B, Yee C, Lee KM (2014): The Effect of Radiation on the Immune Response to Cancers. Int J Mol Sci; 15: 927-943.
6.
Merrick G, Butler W, Wallner K, et al. (2002): PSA Spikes after Permanent Prostate Branchy Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys; 54: 450-456.
7.
Yukawa S, Hibino A, Maeda T (2002): Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 17: 88-109.
8.
Hirst D, Robson T (2010): Nitric oxide in cancer therapeutics: interaction with cystolic chemotherapy. Curr Pharm Des 16: 411-420.
9.
Lee KM, Kang D, Park SK, et al. (2009): Nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphism and prostate cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 30: 621-625.
10.
Medeiros RM, Morais A, Vasconcelos A, et al. (2002): Outcome in prostate cancer: association with endothelial nitic oxide synthase Glu-Asp 298 polymorphism at exon 7. Clin Cancer Res 8: 3422-3437.
11.
Goldsby R, Kindt TJ, Osborne BA (2002): Cytokines. In: Kuby Immunology. 4th edition. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York; 303-327.
12.
Kuroda K, Nakashima J, Kanaa K, et al. (2007): IL-6 is associated with cachexia in patients with prostate cancer. Urology 69: 113-117.
13.
Ueda T, Sadar M, Suzuki H, et al. (2005): IL-4 in patients with prostate cancer. Anticancer Res 25: 4595-4598.
14.
Tazaki E, Shimizu N, Kimura H (2011): Serum cytokine profile in patients with prostate cancer. Exp Ther Med 2: 887-891.
15.
Zaidi MR, Merlino G (2011): The two faces of interferon in cancer. Clin. Cancer Res 17: 6118-6124.
16.
Banville N (2014): A quantitative proteomic approach significantly altered protein networks in the serum of patients with lymphangioleiomatosis. PLoS One 9: e 105365.
17.
Abdel-Latif M, Sakran T, El-Shahawi G, El-Fayoumi H (2015): Immunomodulatory effect of diethylcarbamazine citrate plus filarial excretory-secretory product on rat hepatocarcinogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 24: 173-181.
18.
Lequin RM (2005): Enzyme immunoassay enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Clin Chem 51: 2415-2418.
19.
Nijveldt RJ, Teerlink T, Vander Hoven B, et al. (2003): Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) in critically ill patients: high plasma ADMA concentration is an independent risk factor of ICU mortality. Clin Nutr; 22: 23-30.
20.
Miranda K M, Espey MG,Wink DA (2001): A rapid, simple spectrophotometric method for simultaneous detection of nitrate and nitrite. Nitric Oxide 5: 62-71.
21.
Spearman C (1904). The proof and measurement of association between two things. Am J Psychol; 15: 72.
22.
Borgono CA, Diamandis EP (2004): The Emerging Roles of human Tissue kallikrins in cancer. Nature Review Cancer 4: 876-890.
23.
Ray ME, Thames HD, Levy LB, et al. (2004): PSA nadir predicts biochemical and distant failures after external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer. International J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 64: 1140-1150.
24.
Veenstra T, Prieto D, Conrads T (2004): Proteomic patterns for early cancer detection. Drug Discovery Today 9: 889-897.
25.
Christensen E, Evans KR, Menard C, et al. (2008): Practical approaches to proteomic biomarkers within prostate cancer radiotherapy trials. Cancer Metastasis Rev 27: 375-385.
26.
Duke JP , Zakian KL, Spees WM, et al. (2003): Metabolic response of the CWR 22 prostate tumor xenograft after 20 GY of radiation studied by 1H spectroscopic imaging. Clin Cancer Res 9: 4529-4536.
27.
Hall EJ (2000): Clinical Response of Normal Tissue. In: Radiobiology for the Radiologist. 5th edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, New York; 339-360.
28.
Egeter O, Mocikat R, Ghoreschi K, et al. (2000): Eradication of disseminated lymphomas with Cp G-DNA activated T-helper type 1 cells from nontransgenic mice. Cancer Res 60: 1515-1520.
29.
Dong Z, Staroselsky A, Qi H, et al. (1994): Inverse correlation between expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase activity and production of metastasis in K-1735 murine melanoma cells. Cancer Res 54: 789-793.
30.
Fang P, Hwa V, Little BM, et al. (2008): IGFBP-3 Sensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells to Interferon Gamma Induced Apoptosis. Growth Horm IGF Res 18: 38-46.
| eISSN: | 1644-4124 |
| ISSN: | 1426-3912 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
