Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of proteins involved in recognition of highly conserved microbial structures and endogenous molecules released during tissue damage. With ability to trigger up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines TLRs are considered as key components of innate immune response. Growing body of evidence suggest that TLRs are expressed not only by immune cells but also by tumor cells, probably supporting their escape from immune surveillance and increasing their invasiveness. This work review mechanisms underlying contribution of TLRs to inflammation, tumor development and tumor progression.