Dynamics of the infection with caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) has been studied in a goat herd for 17 years, between 1994 and 2010. During the first eight years within-herd seroprevalence raised from 6.8% to 75.0%. Lack of any control measures in the herd and unlimited contact between kids and their dams led to annual increase of seroprevalence rate by 7.7%. Implementation of the control program based on weaning kids immediately after birth and rearing them on cow colostrum and milk allowed to reduce seroprevalence to 26.4% within 5 years, with an annual decline in seroprevalence rate by 9.8%. However control program was unable to eradicate the disease and in the next 4 years the disease turned endemic with prevalence rate ranging from 26.4 to 32.7%. It seems that horizontal transmission and other technical handicaps are limiting factors which, in field conditions, do not allow to reduce the prevalence rate in CAEV-infected herds below 25-30%.